⚠ Pipeline Incidents
✕
FY2000FY2026
FY2024
Fiscal Year

The Northwest refines more crude than it burns — five Puget Sound plants feed four states and two countries, while everything they refine arrives by ship, by rail, or down one aging line from Canada.

 
Tanker underway = product sailing out (hover it for the Jones Act story)
Refined-fuel tankers out — AK · BC · CA (hover a tanker for the Jones Act story)
Pulsing ring = vulnerability — amber (moderate) to red (critical); in scenarios green rings mark the rescue — surge supply covering a loss
Alaska ANS tankers (Jones Act · dashed)
🍁︎ Trans Mountain tankers (BC)
🍁︎ Trans Mountain spur (Sumas WA)
Puget Sound refineries
Seattle / Harbor Island terminals
Olympic Pipeline (→Tacoma→Portland→Eugene)
Portland Terminal Cluster · Oregon
Yellowstone Pipeline (Billings MT→Spokane)
MNPPS (SLC→Boise→Pasco) · Pasco hub
Boise / S. Idaho · MNPPS from SLC
Bakken crude by rail (N.Dakota · peaks 2017 · collapses 2020)
Canadian crude barge — Cold Lake heavy · TMX → Burnaby → Tacoma (~36% modeled)
Foreign imports (overseas crude · hover for source countries)
County circles (King · Pierce · Spokane…) = where WA fuel lands — hover one for its gas/diesel/jet mix
OR county circles appear when OR is selected — hover for the fuel mix
ⓘ Data notes & corridors WA: WA DOT fuel tax est. OR: Oregon DOT/DEQ. Olympic Pipeline: Ferndale/Anacortes→Seattle→Tacoma→Portland→Eugene. MNPPS: SLC→Boise→Pocatello→Pasco WA. Yellowstone Pipeline: Billings MT→Spokane. UNEV: SLC→Cedar City→Las Vegas. Reno fed from CA (SFPP north).
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Sumas junction — BC + Alberta gas enters here, the import door for the refinery row
NW Pipeline — the Rockies spine (Opal WY → Idaho), bidirectional backbone
GTN — Alberta diagonal via Kingsgate → Malin (feeds Oregon)
Teal ribbons — gas flowing to its end-use; width ∝ volume
Puget Sound refineries — where gas becomes process heat + hydrogen (hover a node)
WA demand circles — power · cities · industry (circle size = Bcf/yr)
OR demand circles — power · cities · industry
ID demand circles — power · cities · industry (fastest-growing, data-center load)
Mist Field (OR) — the only OR/WA gas field, depleted then reborn as winter storage
Willow Field (ID) — Idaho's only field ever, shut-in since 2020 (dim flame)
Sumas benchmark window — the West's wildest hub (US-record ~$200, Mar 2019)
Gas demand: EIA consumption-by-end-use (WA/OR/ID), Bcf/yr, 2000–25 EIA actuals (NG_CONS_SUM_DCU). Imports via Williams NW Pipeline + GTN at Sumas/Kingsgate. Mist: NW Natural/DOGAMI. Willow: BLM/IGS. Sumas benchmark: ICE.
Dam — bar width ∝ generating capacity (Grand Coulee is the giant; ≥1 GW named on the map)
The Columbia + lower Snake — the river the power rides
Snowpack (SWE) — the year's water in storage; warm tint when it runs below normal
IN-REGION — hydro used across the PNW
CARRIED TO SUMMER — banked behind the dams for the dry season
SOUTH TO CALIFORNIA — down the Pacific Intertie
SPILLED — over the spillway; solid core = mandated fish/flood floor, hollow ring = oversupply
THE FRESHET panel — monthly generation (solid) vs reservoir rule-curve (dashed)
Gas gap-filler bar — how hard gas-power works to cover what the runoff doesn't
Hydro generation: real EIA-923, conventional hydro (HYC), WA+OR+ID+MT summed, TWh/yr; 10-yr average 123.7 TWh (FY2015-24). Dam capacities: USACE/USBR/Chelan PUD. Storage follows the USACE flood-control rule curve (April draft → full pool ~late June, FCRPS BiOp). Export anchored to NW→CA Intertie flows (CEC/WNA ≈32.6 TWh gross, representative year). Spill: NOAA/USACE FCRPS biological-opinion + flood control; oversupply per BPA. ▶ DROUGHT & FRESHET sims bend the water year live.
Reactor — containment dome (atom glowing inside) + cooling tower; sized by capacity, the firm baseload
Columbia (WA) — Energy Northwest, 1,207 MW BWR on the Hanford site; the only operating PNW reactor
Cascade SMRs (WA) — Amazon × X-energy Xe-100, 320→960 MW, proposed next to Columbia (appears FY2024+)
Trojan (OR) — closed 1992, tower imploded 2006; its reactor barged up the Columbia to Hanford
Idaho National Lab (ID) — advanced-reactor research, no commercial power reactor
Hanford Site — 9 plutonium reactors (1943–87), now the nation’s largest cleanup (into the 2030s+)
The firm floor — nuclear holds flat (green) while hydro & demand swing (blue)
Capacities NRC/operator-anchored: Columbia 1,207 MW (Energy Northwest); Trojan was 1,130 MW (PGE, closed 1992, tower imploded 2006); Cascade 320→960 MW proposed (X-energy Xe-100, not yet NRC-licensed). The firm floor and the SMR timeline are modeled. INL = research, not generation.
Wind turbine — clusters sized by each state’s wind share of in-state power
OR & ID — wind ~15% of in-state power; the Columbia Gorge is the corridor
WA — wind ~10%; central-Columbia ridges (Wild Horse) + the Walla Walla border
BPA balances wind against the hydro on one grid — in 2011 it curtailed wind to pass the freshet
Coal plant — still burning (ember); box sized by capacity, smoke from the stacks
Gone dark on its real closure year (gray + struck) — Boardman ’20, Centralia ’25
Imported coal — burned in Montana & Wyoming, carried west to the Oregon load
Binary plant (conventional) — air-cooled modules + a teal closed loop.
Next-gen / EGS — same ember outline, a green node + engineered wells.
0Dashed ring + 0 = no utility geothermal.
Oregon & Idaho are 2 of the 7 U.S. states with utility-scale geothermal. Generation real EIA-923 (annual GEO, 2001\u20132024); in-state share vs 2024 total; placement geographic-approximate. Windows: firm floors · the daily anti-duck · capacity factor. Hover a plant or a state for the detail.