⚠ Pipeline Incidents
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Fuel mix estimated · gasoline from ADOT data
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FY2000FY2026
FY2024
Fiscal Year
 

California's refinery rows feed three states with nothing to spare — and the spokes to Phoenix and Las Vegas all cross fault lines.

Refined-fuel imports by tanker (Asia → CA · surges with 2025–26 closures)
Pulsing ring = vulnerability — amber (moderate) to red (critical); in scenarios green rings mark the rescue — surge supply covering a loss
Alaska tankers (domestic · Jones Act · dashed lanes)
Bay Area foreign tankers — hover the ship for the source table
🍁︎ Canadian oil sands by rail (Richmond / Rodeo / Benicia)
LA foreign tankers — hover the ship for the source table
Coastal fuel shuttle (Bay ↔ LA barges — hover the channel)
Local crude (CA’s Bakersfield · LA Basin; Utah’s Uinta) — the donkeys nod at field pace
CA refineries (LA Basin + Bay Area + SLC) · Colton ◆ junction
CALNEV pipeline + S. Nevada terminal
SFPP North Line → N. Nevada (Reno) terminal
SFPP West Line
SFPP East Line (El Paso → AZ)
AZ Phoenix hub + N/C counties
AZ Tucson hub + S counties
CA county circles (LA · San Diego · Kern · Sacramento…) — select CA; hover one for its fuel mix
NV county circles (Clark/Las Vegas · Washoe/Reno…) — select NV; hover one for its fuel mix
ⓘ Crude & products — modeling & sources
CA volumes: CDTFA/CEC statewide data · all petroleum products. AZ volumes: ADOT gasoline gallonage scaled to all-fuels basis (÷0.45). West Line shared by CA, NV, AZ.
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Concentrating solar — power tower, trough & molten salt (Ivanpah · Genesis · Crescent Dunes · Solana)
Utility-scale PV farms (Topaz · Solar Star · Desert Sunlight · Copper Mtn · Agua Caliente)
Distributed rooftop PV (LA · Bay · Phoenix · Vegas · San Diego)
Intra-bloc flow — CA sun running AZ/NV afternoon AC (drawn, never re-tallied)
Out-of-bloc export → the rest of WECC (the wider Western grid)
Where midday solar goes: end-use · charged-for-later (batteries) · exported · spilled (curtailed, like a full reservoir)
Net-load “duck” — the demand left for other sources after solar supplies its share; belly = midday, blue = batteries filling the evening ramp
ⓘ Solar — modeling & sources
Solar generation by state is real EIA (Form EIA-923, fuel SUN, all sectors, FY2001–24); SPILLED is real CAISO curtailment (solar ≈93% of CAISO renewable curtailment, EIA 2024; FY26 modeled-forward); the end-use / battery / export split and the intraday duck are modeled (disclosed on-card).
SoCalGas inlet — gas walks in from New Mexico (Permian + San Juan) up the El Paso + Transwestern trunk
Kern River line — Rockies gas past Salt Lake, through Las Vegas, into Bakersfield
PG&E backbone — Rockies + Canada gas into the Bay; Paiute/Tuscarora feed N. Nevada
Teal ribbons — gas to its end-use; width ∝ volume
Refinery gas sinks (LA + Bay) — process heat + hydrogen/SMR (hover a node)
CA demand — power · cities · industry · Bakersfield/SJV oilfield (circle size = Bcf/yr)
Nevada demand — split N (Reno) vs S (Las Vegas): power · cities · industry
AZ demand — power · cities · industry
NM demand — power · cities · industry; pairs with the Gulf map's NM node (WTI↔Henry Hub convention)
Aliso Canyon — SoCal's big storage field, scarred by the 2015–16 blowout
SoCal Citygate benchmark window — the priced end of the long haul (pairs with Henry Hub & Sumas)
Pulsing ring = gas-supply vulnerability — the single-corridor trunks & Aliso storage, and the demand stranded on them (S. Nevada, Arizona); toggle ⚡ VULNERABILITY
ⓘ Natural gas — modeling & sources
Gas demand: EIA consumption-by-end-use (CA/NV/AZ/NM), Bcf/yr — power + CA/NM industrial are EIA actuals; cities & industry EIA-anchored 2020–25, earlier modeled. CA Citygate: EIA n3050. Trunk inflows modeled from pipeline capacity/flow data.
Reactor — a containment dome with the core (an atom) glowing inside; sized by output, the firm baseload
Palo Verde (AZ) — the US's largest nuclear plant; squat domes + desert steam plumes; the only one cooled by recycled wastewater
Diablo Canyon (CA) — California's last reactor; NRC-licensed to 2045 but state-authorized only to 2030
San Onofre (CA) — closed 2013; it dims on the slider the year it went dark
Yucca Mountain (NV) — the sealed waste repository that never opened; Nevada's only nuclear site holds no reactor
Bottom circles (a black atom spinning inside) — where the bloc's nuclear MWh land: California · Arizona · exported to NM + W. Texas
CA↔AZ intertie — California solar flows east by day (gold), Arizona nuclear flows west by night (lime); the reciprocal day/night trade
Pulsing ring = concentration risk — one plant per state, and Diablo's policy clock (toggle ⚡ VULNERABILITY); hover the ring for the score
ⓘ Nuclear — modeling & sources
Net generation is real EIA (Form EIA-923, fuel NUC, all sectors, FY2001–24): Palo Verde = Arizona's nuclear, Diablo + San Onofre = California's (the Diablo/SONGS plant split is modeled to sum to the real CA total). Owner-share delivery split (AZ/CA/NM/TX) modeled from the plant's ownership shares. The day/night intertie direction is illustrative (modeled), not an hourly interchange feed. Diablo status: NRC 20-yr renewal Apr 2026; state cap 2030 pending approval.
Wind turbine — clustered by site and sized by scale; the spinning rotor reads as live generation
California's three passes — Tehachapi (Kern, the giant), San Gorgonio (Palm Springs), Altamont (Bay–Delta); thermal pass winds, strongest in the evening
Nevada (Spring Valley, its only wind farm) + Arizona (Dry Lake, Perrin Ranch) — small and scattered; these deserts run on sun, not wind
New Mexico's wind blows the other way — east onto the High Plains / SPP grid, off this map's western grid
Evening-ramp panel — as the solar bell falls at dusk, the pass winds rise to fill the duck's neck
Generation bars (TWh/yr) — California ≈14, Arizona ≈0.6, Nevada ≈0.4; California is nearly the entire desert bloc's wind
ⓘ Wind — modeling & sources
Annual generation is real EIA (Form EIA-923, fuel WND, all sectors, FY2001–24). The diurnal pass-wind shape (evening peak) is modeled to illustrate the thermal draft through the passes — it is not an hourly feed. In THE EVENING RAMP and WIND RUNS AT NIGHT the shapes stay modeled but their size is real: each band carries that year's actual share of bloc generation (EIA-923 SUN/WND over EIA-923 all-fuel CA+AZ+NV), plotted as a multiple of average load, so solar and wind grow across the scrubber. Cluster placement is geographic-approximate.
Arch dam — concrete canyon arch. Glen Canyon, Hoover, Shasta.
Embankment dam — earthfill bank. Oroville.
Aqueduct / canal — from Lake Havasu the water (not the power) is lifted west to SoCal (MWD) and east to Phoenix·Tucson (CAP)
Generation bars (TWh/yr), year-driven — California swings ~14 (drought) to ~49 (wet), Arizona ≈5, Nevada ≈2 (EIA). Basin windows: river flow USGS, generation EIA, reservoirs Reclamation & CDEC — snowpack % is modelled
Plant glyph (ember) — powerhouse + stacks, box width scaled by capacity, glowing while the plant is still burning
Same glyph, gone gray and struck — the plant has gone dark on its real closure year as the FY scrubber passes it
AZ coal share of generation — about 38% in FY2000, ~8% by FY2026, heading toward zero in the early 2030s as the fleet retires plant by plant
The fleet: NGS (Page, dark 2019) · San Juan & Four Corners (NM straddle) · Cholla, Coronado, Springerville (E AZ) · Apache (Cochise, the last stack standing on an EPA waiver). Nevada: Reid Gardner (dark 2017), North Valmy, TS Power (mine-mouth gold).
ⓘ Coal — modeling & sources
Closure years from utility and ACC filings; the Powder River Basin coal-rail trunk, the Black Mesa/Kayenta mine spur, and the tribal-revenue vulnerability layer are queued for the next pass. Plant placement is geographic-approximate.
Steam plant (conventional) — dry-steam / flash, with a rising plume. California: the Geysers and the Salton Sea.
Binary plant (conventional) — air-cooled modules + a teal closed loop. Nevada's Great Basin fleet (McGinness Hills, Steamboat, Dixie Valley + ~20 more); New Mexico's Lightning Dock.
Next-gen / advanced — same ember outline, distinguished by a green node + engineered wells. Nevada's North Valmy Eavor Loop; New Mexico's XGS·Meta (data-center-coupled, 150 MW by 2030).
0Dashed ring + 0 = no utility geothermal (Arizona). The rising ember arrows under each plant are the earth's heat from below.
ⓘ Geothermal — modeling & sources
CA + NV are ~95% of U.S. utility geothermal today; New Mexico is the emerging next-gen frontier. Generation is real EIA (Form EIA-923, fuel GEO, all sectors, FY2001–24); placement geographic-approximate. Right-hand windows: firm floors, the daily anti-duck, and capacity factor.